
One out of every four women fail in business. Four of every five men fail in business.
Here are 10 weird, counterintuitive, and unexpected facts about the history and mechanics of business:
Nintendo was founded as a playing card company in 1889. Long before video games, Nintendo produced hand-crafted Hanafuda cards in Kyoto. Over the next century, the company experimented with several unusual business ventures—including a taxi company, a short-stay hotel chain, a instant rice company, and vacuum cleaners—before finding massive success in electronic toys and video games.
The “100-Year-Old Company” capital of the world is Japan. Japan is home to over 33,000 shinise—businesses that have been operating continuously for more than 100 years. This includes Kongo Gumi, a construction firm founded in 578 AD that built Buddhist temples for over 1,400 years before becoming a subsidiary in 2006.
FedEx was saved from bankruptcy by a lucky night in Las Vegas. In 1973, Federal Express was down to its last $5,000 and facing complete collapse because it couldn’t afford jet fuel. Founder Frederick Smith took the remaining cash to Las Vegas, played blackjack, and turned it into $27,000. That covered fuel for another week, giving him just enough time to raise $11 million in equity funding.
Wrigley started as a soap business. William Wrigley Jr. originally moved to Chicago in 1891 to sell soap. To incentivize merchants, he offered free baking powder with every soap order. When the baking powder proved more popular than the soap, he switched to selling baking powder and offered free chewing gum with every can. Once again, the freebie outperformed the product, leading him to launch Wrigley’s Spearmint.
Lamborghini exists purely out of spite. Ferruccio Lamborghini was a wealthy tractor manufacturer who owned a Ferrari. Frustrated by constant clutch troubles, he brought feedback directly to Enzo Ferrari. Ferrari dismissed him, saying, “The problem is not with the car, but with the driver,” and told him to stick to tractors. Insulted, Lamborghini vowed to build a better sports car and launched his own automaking company in 1963.
The inventor of the friction match refused to patent it. English chemist John Walker invented the friction match in 1826 by accident while scraping a mixing stick coated with chemicals across his hearth. Believing the invention was too beneficial to humanity to monopolize, he refused to patent it. As a result, others patented similar designs (like “Lucifers”), missing out on millions in royalties while democratizing fire-starting worldwide.
McDonald’s is primarily a real estate enterprise, not a restaurant operator. While famous for burgers, McDonald’s corporate income relies heavily on real estate holdings. McDonald’s Corporation buys the land and buildings for its locations, then leases them back to franchisees—often charging a markup on rent alongside sales royalties. Former CFO Harry J. Sonneborn famously noted, “We are technically not in the food business. We are in the real estate business.”
Puma and Adidas were founded by feuding brothers. Adolf and Rudolf Dassler ran a successful shoe company together in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. A bitter personal and political rift during World War II split the brothers permanently. In 1948, Adolf founded Adidas (from “Adi” “Dassler”), and Rudolf founded Puma. The rivalry divided their home town of Herzogenaurach for decades, down to which local businesses citizens visited depending on their footwear.
The most expensive mistake in publishing history was a typo in a phone book. In 1988, Yellow Pages printed an advertisement for a luxury travel agency named Exotic Travels, but accidentally mistyped the name as “Erotic Travels.” The error ruined the agency’s professional reputation and overwhelmed their phones with inappropriate inquiries. Yellow Pages ended up paying a court settlement of over $18 million.
Bubble wrap was originally invented to be textured 3D wallpaper. In 1957, engineers Alfred Fielding and Marc Chavannes sealed two shower curtains together, trapping air bubbles inside, in an attempt to create a trendy textured wall covering. When that failed, they tried marketing it as greenhouse insulation. It wasn’t until 1960 that Sealed Air Corporation realized its true potential as protective packaging, famously pitching it to IBM to ship their new computers.